4/27/2023 0 Comments Sound normalizer 6.0As such, we provide the predicted gut microbiome of patients with essential and masked hypertension. Our study addresses the following limitations in our field: it is the first multi-site gut microbiota study, which analyzed samples from both male and female participants from regional and metropolitan areas, diagnosed using ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). Here, we aimed to characterize the predicted gut microbiome, their function and levels of SCFAs in participants with well-characterized BP. 12, 26 This may be due to the volatile characteristic of these metabolites, making them challenging to quantify, as well as differences in colonic (ie, produced), fecal (ie, excreted), and circulatory (ie, absorbed) levels. 4, 9, 20, 21 Yet, a lack of consistency in SCFA levels still exists across studies in essential hypertension and its association with BP. SCFAs, such as acetate, propionate and butyrate, are able to lower BP in experimental models of hypertension. 19 Fermentation of fiber by gut bacteria results in the release of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Fiber is also important for BP control: in a meta-analysis and a prospective study that involved 388 000 participants, fiber intake was associated with lower risk of both cardiovascular and all-cause death, and lower systolic BP. 17 Dietary fiber, in particular, soluble fiber and resistant starches (also known as prebiotics), are particularly important as they feed commensal bacteria. ![]() 15, 16Ī major modulator of the gut microbiota is diet, which can alter the microbiota in as little as a few days. 2 All but one study also included patients using a varied range of BP-lowering medications, but each of these medications on their own have been reported to affect the gut microbiota. 4–6 While some studies have explored the association between essential hypertension and the gut microbiota, 5, 7–14 a major limitation has been the use of self-reported hypertension or office BP, which do not allow for distinction between types of hypertension and decrease the power of studies. 2, 3 Importantly, increasing evidence using fecal microbiota transplants to germ-free animals supports that the gut microbiota is not merely associated with experimental and essential hypertension, but it drives an increase in BP. ![]() ![]() The gut microbiota, the community of microorganisms that inhabit our small and large intestines, is a newly described risk factor for the development of hypertension. Lifestyle and environmental factors are well-established contributors to increased blood pressure (BP). Hypertensive subjects had lower levels of GPR43, putatively blunting their response to blood pressure-lowering metabolites. In conclusion, gut microbial diversity did not change in essential hypertension, but we observed a significant shift in microbial gene pathways. Specifically, hypertensive participants exhibited higher plasma acetate and butyrate, but their immune cells expressed reduced levels of short-chain fatty acid-activated GPR43 (G-protein coupled receptor 43). Importantly, normotensive and essential hypertensive cohorts could be differentiated based on gut microbiome gene pathways and metabolites. However, select taxa were specific to these groups, notably Acidaminococcus spp., Eubacterium fissicatena, and Muribaculaceae were higher, while Ruminococcus and Eubacterium eligens were lower in hypertensives. Based on machine learning multivariate covariance analyses of de-noised amplicon sequence variant prevalence data, we determined that there were no significant differences in predicted gut microbiome α- and β-diversity metrics between normotensives versus essential or masked hypertensives. Most normotensives were female (66%) compared with hypertensives (35%, P<0.01), but there was no difference in age between the groups (59.2☗.7 versus 60.3☖.6 years old). Ambulatory blood pressure, fecal microbiome predicted from 16S rRNA gene sequencing, plasma and fecal metabolites called short-chain fatty acid, and expression of their receptors were analyzed in 70 untreated and otherwise healthy participants from metropolitan and regional communities. ![]() We characterized the function of the gut microbiota, their metabolites and receptors in untreated human hypertensive participants in Australian metropolitan and regional areas. Recent evidence supports a role for the gut microbiota in hypertension, but whether ambulatory blood pressure is associated with gut microbiota and their metabolites remains unclear. Customer Service and Ordering Information.Stroke: Vascular and Interventional Neurology.Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA).Circ: Cardiovascular Quality & Outcomes.Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology (ATVB).
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